Hubungan Kebisingan Kamar Mesin dengan Stres Kerja Teknisi: Dasar Penyusunan Program Kesehatan Kerja PT X
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63004/hrji.v4i6.1391Keywords:
Kebisingan, Stres Kerja, Kamar Mesin Kapal, HIRADC, Program Kesehatan KerjaAbstract
Kamar mesin kapal kargo merupakan lingkungan kerja dengan risiko paparan kebisingan tinggi yang berpotensi menimbulkan stres kerja pada teknisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterkaitan paparan kebisingan di kamar mesin kapal kargo PT X dengan indikator stres kerja teknisi serta menyusun program kesehatan kerja berbasis HIRADC. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan lima informan yang dipilih secara purposive, meliputi Chief Engineer, teknisi kamar mesin, dan petugas QSHE (Quality, Safety, Health, and Environment). Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi pada tahun 2026 serta telaah pengukuran kebisingan sekunder tahun 2020 yang diposisikan sebagai baseline teknis historis, bukan estimasi pajanan personal terkini. Hasil pengukuran historis menunjukkan seluruh titik yang diukur di area kamar mesin melampaui NAB 85 dBA, dengan nilai tertinggi 100,5 dBA. Analisis HIRADC mengidentifikasi dua proses kerja berkategori Extreme Risk dan dua proses berkategori High Risk. Triangulasi data mengindikasikan keterkaitan kontekstual antara kebisingan dan keluhan kelelahan, gangguan tidur, tinnitus, gangguan komunikasi, serta potensi penurunan konsentrasi; namun kesenjangan waktu data dan ketiadaan dosimetri personal terkini membatasi penarikan kesimpulan kausal. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, disusun Hearing Conservation Program dan Program Medical Surveillance yang terintegrasi dalam lima pilar upaya kesehatan kerja sesuai PP No. 28 Tahun 2024 guna mendukung penurunan risiko secara berkelanjutan.
Downloads
References
Ali, S. N. M., Cioca, L.-I., Kayati, R. S., Saputra, J., Adam, M., Plesa, R., & Raja Ibrahim, R. Z. A. (2023). A study of psychometric instruments and constructs of work-related stress among seafarers: A qualitative approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 2866. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042866
Amin, M. E. K., Nørgaard, L. S., Cavaco, A. M., Witry, M. J., Hillman, L., Cernasev, A., & Desselle, S. P. (2020). Establishing trustworthiness and authenticity in qualitative pharmacy research. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 16(10), 1472–1482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.02.005
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Statistik transportasi laut 2023. https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/11/25/3fcd0493a7b0a2de5a18004b/statistik-transportasi-laut-2023.html
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: Complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206
Chowdhury, M. N., Shafi, S., Mohd Arzaman, A. F., Teoh, B. A., Kadhim, K. A., Salamun, H., Abdul Kadir, F. K., Said, S., Abd Kadir, K., Embong, A. M., Abdul Aziz, N. A., Jusoh, M. H., Pham, L. H. H. P., & Xuan, A. N. S. (2024). Navigating human factors in maritime safety: A review of risks and improvements in engine rooms of ocean-going vessels. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 14(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.140101
Doyle, L., McCabe, C., Keogh, B., Brady, A., & McCann, M. (2020). An overview of the qualitative descriptive design within nursing research. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(5), 443–455. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987119880234
Febriyanto, K., Rahman, F. F., & Guedes, J. C. C. (2024). The physical and psychological effects of occupational noise among seafarers: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 34(7), 2674–2686. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2023.2266703
International Labour Organization. (2023). A call for safer and healthier working environments. https://doi.org/10.54394/HQBQ8592
International Organization for Standardization. (2025). ISO 3744:2025 Acoustics—Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure—Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane. https://www.iso.org/standard/80866.html
Jonglertmontree, W., Kaewboonchoo, O., Morioka, I., & Boonyamalik, P. (2022). Mental health problems and their related factors among seafarers: A scoping review. BMC Public Health, 22, 282. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12713-z
Kwak, C., & Han, W. (2021). The effectiveness of hearing protection devices: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11693. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111693
Liang, P., Li, J., Li, Z., Wei, J., Li, J., Zhang, S., Xu, S., Liu, Z., & Wang, J. (2024). Effect of low-frequency noise exposure on cognitive function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 24, 125. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17593-5
LSP Consultants Pte Ltd. (2020). Airborne noise emission measurement report: MV Segara Mas.
Makaruse, N., Maslin, M. R. D., & Shai-Campbell, Z. (2024). Comparison of occupational noise exposure assessment methods: A systematic review. Ear and Hearing, 45(4), 808–815. https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000001479
Markus, A. Y., & Djunaidi, Z. (2024). Hazard identification, risk assessment and determining control (HIRADC) pada kegiatan perawatan rolling stock equipment di tambang bawah tanah PT. X. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 8(2), 479–497. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v8i2.4002
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
National Institute for Occupational Safety, & Health. (2024). Noise-induced hearing loss. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise/about/noise.html
Oldenburg, M., Felten, C., Hedtmann, J., & Jensen, H.-J. (2020). Physical influences on seafarers are different during their voyage episodes of port stay, river passage and sea passage: A maritime field study. PLOS ONE, 15(4), e0231309. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231309
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2024). Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2024 tentang Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id
Rahimi, S., & Khatooni, M. (2024). Saturation in qualitative research: An evolutionary concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 6, 100174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100174
Sivakumaran, K., Ritonja, J. A., Waseem, H., AlShenaibar, L., Morgan, E., Ahmadi, S. A., Denning, A., Michaud, D. S., & Morgan, R. L. (2022). Impact of noise exposure on risk of developing stress-related health effects related to the cardiovascular system: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Noise & Health, 24(114), 107–129. https://doi.org/10.4103/nah.nah_83_21
Tikka, C., Verbeek, J., Kateman, E., Morata, T. C., Dreschler, W., & Ferrite, S. (2020). Cochrane method for systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss—Abridged. CoDAS, 32(2), e20190127. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20192019127
UNCTAD. (2023). Review of maritime transport 2023. https://unctad.org/rmt2023
Yazdanirad, S., Khoshakhlagh, A. H., Al Sulaie, S., Drake, C. L., & Wickwire, E. M. (2023). The effects of occupational noise on sleep: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 72, 101846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101846
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Karya belum pernah diterbitkan sebelumnya (kecuali dalam bentuk abstrak atau bagian dari kuliah atau tesis yang diterbitkan) dan tidak sedang dipertimbangkan untuk diterbitkan di tempat lain. Ketika naskah diterima untuk diterbitkan dalam jurnal ini, penulis setuju untuk mentransfer hak cipta secara otomatis ke penerbit.
Health Research Journal of Indonesia dilisensikan di bawah Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
