Effectiveness Of Robot-Assisted Gait Training (RAGT) In Improving Motor Function In Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63004/hrji.v4i5.1290Kata Kunci:
Anak-anak, Cerebral Palsy, Fungsi Motorik, Robot-Assisted Gait TrainingAbstrak
Cerebral Palsy (CP) merupakan sekolompok kondisi yang ditandai dengan cedera otak non-progresif pada masa bayi yang menyebabkan kondisi terbatasnya aktivitas serta dampak yang menetap pada perkembangan motorik pusat dan postur tubuh. Tujuan utama RAGT adalah untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran motorik melalui stimulasi berjalan yang dilakukan berulang kali disertai dengan umpan balik audio-visual. RAGT menawarkan program rehabilitasi yang lebih canggih dan bisa diubah sesuai kebutuhan. RAGT telah diperkenalkan selama 15 tahun terakhir dan menggabungkan perangkat ortosis robot bilateral. Pemilihan artikel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review. Pemilihan artikel dilakukan pada bulan Juli tahun 2025 oleh penulis pertama yang selanjutnya kembali dipilih 8 artikel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan kriteria eksklusi. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian dan pemilihan artikel yang telah dilakukan oleh penulis pertama, didapatkan 8 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Studi systematic review yang peneliti lakukan berisi artikel mengenai fisioterapi pada cerebral palsy dengan terapi modalitas menggunakan Robot-Assisted Gait Training (RAGT) yang menyatakan bahwa semua kasus menunjukkan peningkatan sudut ekstensi sendi panggul dan lutut saat fase stance, Aktivitas otot gluteus maximus meningkat selama stance phase, Peningkatan skor Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) baik dalam performa maupun kepuasan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa RAGT merupakan salah satu metode rehabilitasi yang potensial dalam meningkatkan fungsi motorik kasar, keseimbangan postural, serta parameter gaya berjalan seperti panjang langkah, kecepatan, dan efisiensi energi.
Unduhan
Referensi
Calabrò, R. S., Calderone, A., Simoncini, L., Naro, A., Haughton, L. O. S., Quartarone, A., & Leochico, C. F. D. (2026). The potential of robotics: A systematic review of neuroplastic changes following advanced lower limb rehabilitation in neurological disorders. In Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews (Vol. 180). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106459
Cinnera, A. M., Ciancarelli, I., Paolucci, T., Merla, A., Nicola, M. Di, Perpetuini, D., D’arienzo, M., Genovesi, G., Moretti, A., Russo, E. F., Gatta, M. T., Gimigliano, F., Cardone, D., & Morone, G. (2024). Evaluation of the effectiveness of Lokomat® robot-assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. In NeuroRehabilitation (Vol. 55, Number 4, pp. 428–439). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/10538135241296010
Colovic, H., Nikolic, D., Zlatanovic, D., Zivkovic, V., Stankovic, A., Stojkovic, J., Mujovic, N., Mitrovic, S., Krstic, N., & Radosavljevic, N. (2025a). Influence of Robotic Neurorehabilitation in Cerebral Palsy on Motor Function and Gait. Children, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/children12020190
Colovic, H., Nikolic, D., Zlatanovic, D., Zivkovic, V., Stankovic, A., Stojkovic, J., Mujovic, N., Mitrovic, S., Krstic, N., & Radosavljevic, N. (2025b). Influence of Robotic Neurorehabilitation in Cerebral Palsy on Motor Function and Gait. Children, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/children12020190
Cortés-Pérez, I., González-González, N., Peinado-Rubia, A. B., Nieto-Escamez, F. A., Obrero-Gaitán, E., & García-López, H. (2022). Efficacy of Robot-Assisted Gait Therapy Compared to Conventional Therapy or Treadmill Training in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. In Sensors (Vol. 22, Number 24). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249910
Ghai, A., Garg, N., Hooda, S., & Gupta, T. (2013). Spasticity - Pathogenesis, prevention and treatment strategies. In Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia (Vol. 7, Number 4, pp. 453–460). https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-354X.121087
Hu, M. M., Wang, S., Wu, C. Q., Li, K. P., Geng, Z. H., Xu, G. H., & Dong, L. (2024). Efficacy of robot-assisted gait training on lower extremity function in subacute stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation (Vol. 21, Number 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-024-01463-1
Jin, L., Zhao, C., Dou, B., Dong, J., & He, P. (2025). Influence of Robotic Interventions on Gait Improvement in Children with Cerebral Palsy. In Cerebral Palsy - Clinical Presentation, Treatments, and Outcomes. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1009226
Kim, S. K., Park, D., Yoo, B., Shim, D., Choi, J. O., Choi, T. Y., & Park, E. S. (2021a). Overground robot‐assisted gait training for pediatric cerebral palsy. Sensors, 21(6), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062087
Kim, S. K., Park, D., Yoo, B., Shim, D., Choi, J. O., Choi, T. Y., & Park, E. S. (2021b). Overground robot‐assisted gait training for pediatric cerebral palsy. Sensors, 21(6), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062087
Klobucká, S., Klobucký, R., Valovičová, K., Šiarnik, P., & Kollár, B. (2023). Cost-effectiveness analysis of robot-assisted gait training in patients with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12962-023-00475-3
Mahendika, D. (2026). Scientific Medical Journal Effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Gait and Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Literature Review. SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal, 7(2), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v7i2.20393
Moskiewicz, D., & Sarzyńska-Długosz, I. (2025). Modern Technologies Supporting Motor Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Narrative Review. In Journal of Clinical Medicine (Vol. 14, Number 22). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228035
Nedergård, H., Arumugam, A., Sandlund, M., Bråndal, A., & Häger, C. K. (2021). Effect of robotic-assisted gait training on objective biomechanical measures of gait in persons post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. In Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation (Vol. 18, Number 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00857-9
Neves, M. V. M., Furlan, L., Fregni, F., Battistella, L. R., & Simis, M. (2023). Robotic-Assisted Gait Training (RAGT) in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study. Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arrct.2023.100255
Nurahmi, R., Akhlan, R., Nitiya, N., Tanbrin, I., Heryati, E., & Omonovich, K. D. (2026). Enhancing Walking Ability Through Virtual Reality in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Single-Subject Study. Jurnal Unik: Pendidikan Luar Biasa, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.30870/unik.v11i1.38970
Patel, D. R., Neelakantan, M., Pandher, K., & Merrick, J. (2020). Cerebral palsy in children: A clinical overview. In Translational Pediatrics (Vol. 9, pp. S125–S135). AME Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.01.01
Paul, S., Nahar, A., Bhagawati, M., & Kunwar, A. J. (2022). A Review on Recent Advances of Cerebral Palsy. In Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (Vol. 2022). Hindawi Limited. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2622310
Pool, D., Valentine, J., Taylor, N. F., Bear, N., & Elliott, C. (2021). Locomotor and robotic assistive gait training for children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 63(3), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14746
Sadowska, M., Sarecka-Hujar, B., & Kopyta, I. (2020). Cerebral palsy: Current opinions on definition, epidemiology, risk factors, classification and treatment options. In Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment (Vol. 16, pp. 1505–1518). Dove Medical Press Ltd. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S235165
Takano, T., Hayashi, A., & Harada, Y. (2020). Progression of motor disability in cerebral palsy: The role of concomitant epilepsy. Seizure, 80, 81–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2020.06.014
Tekeş, S. E. Ö., Sonel Tur, B., Kutlay, Ş., Gökmen, D., & Çiftci, A. (2025). Robot-assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized comparative study. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 28(4–5), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2025.2533218
Tricomi, E., Missiroli, F., Xiloyannis, M., Lotti, N., Zhang, X., Stefanakis, M., Theisen, M., Bauer, J., Becker, C., & Masia, L. (2024). Soft robotic shorts improve outdoor walking efficiency in older adults. Nature Machine Intelligence, 6(10), 1145–1155. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-024-00894-8
Vameghi, R., Hoseini, S. A., Heydarian, S., Azadeh, H., & Gharib, M. (2023). Walking Ability, Participation, and Quality of Life in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Path Analysis Study. Iranian Journal of Child Neurology, 17(2), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijcn.v17i1.34924
Yoo, M., Ahn, J. H., & Park, E. S. (2021). The effects of over-ground robot-assisted gait training for children with ataxic cerebral palsy: A case report. Sensors, 21(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237875
Žarković, D., Šorfová, M., Tufano, J. J., Kutílek, P., Vítečková, S., Ravnik, D., Groleger-Sršen, K., Cikajlo, I., & Otáhal, J. (2021a). Gait Changes Following Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Children With Cerebral Palsy. Physiological Research, 70, S397–S408. https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.934840
Žarković, D., Šorfová, M., Tufano, J. J., Kutílek, P., Vítečková, S., Ravnik, D., Groleger-Sršen, K., Cikajlo, I., & Otáhal, J. (2021b). Gait Changes Following Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Children With Cerebral Palsy. Physiological Research, 70, S397–S408. https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.934840
Zhang, D., Soh, K. G., Chan, Y. M., Feng, X., Bashir, M., & Xiao, W. (2024). Effect of functional training on fundamental motor skills among children: A systematic review. Heliyon, 10(23). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39531
Zhang, Y., Hui, Z., Qi, W., Zhang, J., Wang, M., & Zhu, D. (2024a). Clinical study on the safety and feasibility of AiWalker-K for lower limbs exercise rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy. PLoS ONE, 19(5 May). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303517
Zhang, Y., Hui, Z., Qi, W., Zhang, J., Wang, M., & Zhu, D. (2024b). Clinical study on the safety and feasibility of AiWalker-K for lower limbs exercise rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy. PLoS ONE, 19(5 May). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303517
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Karya belum pernah diterbitkan sebelumnya (kecuali dalam bentuk abstrak atau bagian dari kuliah atau tesis yang diterbitkan) dan tidak sedang dipertimbangkan untuk diterbitkan di tempat lain. Ketika naskah diterima untuk diterbitkan dalam jurnal ini, penulis setuju untuk mentransfer hak cipta secara otomatis ke penerbit.
Health Research Journal of Indonesia dilisensikan di bawah Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
