Karakteristik Intervensi Dan Hambatan Implementasi Pelatihan Bantuan Hidup Dasar Komunitas: Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63004/hrji.v5i1.2007Kata Kunci:
bantuan hidup dasar, resusitasi jantung paru, orang awam, pelatihan berbasis komunitasAbstrak
Latar belakang: Henti jantung di luar rumah sakit (HJLRS) memiliki angka kelangsungan hidup global sekitar 9%. Resusitasi jantung paru (RJP) oleh orang awam meningkatkan peluang hidup, tetapi program pelatihan bantuan hidup dasar (BHD) komunitas sangat beragam bentuk dan mutunya.
Tujuan: Memetakan karakteristik kurikulum, metode penyampaian, luaran, dan hambatan implementasi pelatihan BHD berbasis komunitas bagi orang awam, dengan perhatian khusus pada konteks Indonesia.
Metode: Scoping review mengikuti kerangka Arksey dan O’Malley serta panduan JBI dan dilaporkan sesuai PRISMA-ScR. Studi primer 2015–2025 berbahasa Inggris atau Indonesia diidentifikasi dari PubMed, Scopus, dan Wiley Online Library serta melalui pencarian web terstruktur dan penelusuran rujukan, lalu dipetakan menggunakan formulir berbasis TIDieR. Hambatan dipetakan ke Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).
Hasil: Sebanyak 49 studi diinklusi: 23 internasional (16 RCT) dan 26 dari Indonesia (20 pra-pasca satu kelompok). Pelajar merupakan sasaran terbanyak (47%). Praktik langsung digunakan pada 86% studi, media digital 39%, AED 12%, dan umpan balik objektif hanya 8%. Studi Indonesia didominasi luaran pengetahuan (80,8%); hanya satu yang mengukur kualitas RJP dengan alat, tidak ada yang mengajarkan AED, dan tidak ada yang menilai retensi ≥ 3 bulan. Sebaliknya, 48% studi internasional menilai retensi ≥ 6 bulan. Bukti menunjukkan bahwa umpan balik real-time, penyegaran singkat berkala, dan pelatih nonmedis yang terlatih efektif, sedangkan metode digital tanpa praktik cenderung menghasilkan kompresi yang lebih dangkal.
Simpulan: Pelatihan BHD komunitas di Indonesia perlu beralih dari penyuluhan berbasis pengetahuan ke pelatihan keterampilan dengan umpan balik, dengan AED, penyegaran terjadwal, dan evaluasi retensi.
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Referensi
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