Dissolving Microneedles Untuk Penghantaran Obat Transdermal: Kajian Pustaka Sifat Fisikokimia Dan Desain Geometri
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63004/hrji.v4i5.1714Keywords:
dissolving microneedle, penghantaran obat transdermal, sifat fisikokimia, desain geometri jarum, stratum korneumAbstract
Penghantaran obat secara transdermal memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan rute oral, seperti menghindari metabolisme lintas pertama, mencegah degradasi di lambung, dan meminimalkan efek samping gastrointestinal. Namun, stratum korneum sebagai lapisan terluar kulit menjadi hambatan utama bagi permeasi obat secara pasif, sehingga hanya obat dengan sifat fisikokimia tertentu yang sesuai untuk rute ini. Dissolving Microneedle (DMN) adalah sistem penghantaran obat berbasis polimer yang dapat menembus stratum korneum secara fisik, memungkinkan penghantaran berbagai zat aktif, termasuk makromolekul dan molekul hidrofilik, secara efisien dan tanpa rasa sakit. Kajian pustaka ini membahas pengaruh sifat fisikokimia zat aktif dan desain geometri jarum DMN terhadap efisiensi penghantaran obat transdermal. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa parameter fisikokimia seperti berat molekul, log P, dan kelarutan sangat menentukan kesesuaian zat aktif untuk sistem DMN. Selain itu, geometri jarum, meliputi bentuk, tinggi, diameter, dan sudut ujung, berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan mekanik, kemampuan penetrasi kulit, dan profil disolusi DMN. Jarum berbentuk konikal menunjukkan performa terbaik dalam rasio penyisipan kulit dan laju disolusi dibandingkan dengan bentuk lain. Pemahaman yang komprehensif mengenai hubungan antara sifat fisikokimia zat aktif dan desain geometri DMN sangat penting untuk mengoptimalkan formulasi dan meningkatkan efikasi terapi transdermal.
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