Studi Literatur: Hubungan antara Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, Status Gizi, dan Fungsi Kognitif pada Anak Usia Sekolah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63004/hrji.v4i6.1728Kata Kunci:
anak usia sekolah, status gizi, asupan zat gizi makro, fungsi kognitif, Literatue ReviewAbstrak
Fungsi kognitif pada anak usia sekolah dipengaruhi oleh asupan zat gizi makro dan status gizi yang berperan penting dalam perkembangan otak. Namun, hasil penelitian terdahulu masih menunjukkan variasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bukti ilmiah mengenai hubungan antara asupan zat gizi makro, status gizi, dan fungsi kognitif pada anak usia sekolah. Penelitian menggunakan metode literature review dengan menelaah artikel ilmiah dari basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect terbitan tahun 2020–2025. Sebanyak tujuh artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa asupan protein, karbohidrat, dan lemak berhubungan dengan fungsi kognitif, khususnya memori, perhatian, konsentrasi, dan fleksibilitas kognitif. Status gizi baik juga cenderung berhubungan dengan fungsi kognitif yang optimal, meski beberapa studi menemukan hasil tidak signifikan akibat variasi karakteristik subjek, indikator status gizi, serta kebiasaan makan seperti sarapan. Kesimpulannya, asupan zat gizi makro dan status gizi berperan penting terhadap fungsi kognitif anak usia sekolah, walaupun dipengaruhi oleh faktor biologis dan lingkungan. Penelitian longitudinal lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memperkuat hubungan kausal antarvariabel.
Unduhan
Referensi
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